Cisco CCNP:Checking network connectivity

You can use the ping command and traceroute commands to test connectivity to remote devices, and both of them can be used with many protocols, not just IP. But don’t forget that the show ip route command is a good troubleshooting command for verifying your routing table, and the show interface command will show you the status of each interface.
If you are having connectivity problems, you can use the ping command to check the destination IP address you want to reach and record the results. The ping command displays whether the destination responded and how long it took to receive a reply. If there is an error in the delivery to the destination, the ping command displays an error message.
You can use the ping command to:

• Ping your computer (by address, not host name) to determine that TCP/IP is functioning. (Pinging your computer does not verify that your network adapter is functioning.)
• Ping the local router to determine whether the router is running.
• Ping beyond your local router.

The traceroute command shows the path a packet takes to get to a remote device and shows the hop or hops that a packet traverses on its way to a remote device.

The show interface command will reveal us the available interfaces to configure. The following information can be obtained by using this command:

The hardware address
The logical address
The encapsulation method
The statistics on collisions

Note: The most important statistic of the show interface command is the output of the line and data-link protocol status.
The show ip interface command provide you with information regarding the layer 3 configurations of a router’s interfaces, the status of the interface, the IP address and mask, information on whether an access list is set on the interface, and basic IP information.
Using the show ip interface brief command can get the overview of the router’s interfaces including the logical address and status
The show ip route command will display the entire IP route table, a summary of the routing table or route information for specific IP addresses, network masks or protocols.
Syntax: show ip route [[ipAddress [mask]] [bgp | connected | mpls [ipAddress] [ipAddress/PrefLen] [ipAddress mask] [detail] | isis | ospf | static | summary | multicast |unicast]
ipAddress Specify an IP address for the IP routes to display.
mask Specify an IP address mask for the specified IP address.
PrefLen Specify a Prefix Length for the specified IP address. Valid values = 0 – 31.
Description: Use the show ip route command with no arguments to display all IP routes.

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